Bioenergetics and Brain Health 1: Evolutionary Perspective and Overview of Brain Energy Metabolism

BRAIN PONDERINGS

MP4•Αρχική οθόνη επεισοδίου

33:58

In this episode, we delve into the concept of being "qualified" in the workplace, examining who gets labeled as such, who doesn't, and the underlying reasons. We explore "competency checking"—the practice of scrutinizing individuals' abilities—and how it disproportionately affects underrepresented groups, often going unnoticed or unchallenged. Our discussion aims to redefine qualifications in a fair, equitable, and actionable manner. Our guest, Shari Dunn , is an accomplished journalist, former attorney, news anchor, CEO, university professor, and sought-after speaker. She has been recognized as Executive of the Year and a Woman of Influence, with her work appearing in Fortune Magazine, The Wall Street Journal, Ad Age, and more. Her new book, Qualified: How Competency Checking and Race Collide at Work , unpacks what it truly means to be deserving and capable—and why systemic barriers, not personal deficits, are often the real problem. Her insights challenge the narratives that hold so many of us back and offer practical solutions for building a more equitable future. Together, we can build workplaces and communities that don’t just reflect the world we live in, but the one we want to create. A world where being qualified is about recognizing the talent and potential that’s been overlooked for far too long. It’s not just about getting a seat at the table—it’s about building an entirely new table, one designed with space for all of us. Connect with Our Guest Shari Dunn Website& Book - Qualified: https://thesharidunn.com LI: https://www.linkedin.com/today/author/sharidunn TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thesharidunn Related Podcast Episodes: How To Build Emotionally Mature Leaders with Dr. Christie Smith | 272 Holding It Together: Women As America's Safety Net with Jessica Calarco | 215 How To Defy Expectations with Dr. Sunita Sah | 271 Share the Love: If you found this episode insightful, please share it with a friend, tag us on social media, and leave a review on your favorite podcast platform! 🔗 Subscribe & Review: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music…

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο 51:49

This is the fist in a short series of presentations on the interrelationships between energy metabolism, brain function and resilience, and disease processes. Overindulgent sedentary lifestyles are increasingly common with adverse consequences for trajectories of brain health in current and future generations. In this series I review findings from studies of humans and animals that are elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which energy intake and exercise affect structural and functional neuroplasticity. This topic is considered from a bioenergetic perspective with emphases on brain evolution, developmental neurobiology, adult neuroplasticity and disorders of mood and cognition.

155 επεισόδια

#Science #Fitness #Medicine #Natural Sciences #Mark Mattson

Bioenergetics and Brain Health 1: Evolutionary Perspective and Overview of Brain Energy Metabolism

BRAIN PONDERINGS

published πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο

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MP4•Αρχική οθόνη επεισοδίου

155 επεισόδια

#Science #Fitness #Medicine #Natural Sciences #Mark Mattson

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1
Maryanne Garry: Misinformation, Disinformation, False Memories, AI, and Our Future 1:16:25

πριν 2 μέρες1:16:25

1:16:25

In this episode I talk with Professor Maryanne Garry at the University of Waikato New Zealand about several interrelated realms of human cognition that are fundamental to changes in the behaviors of individuals and social groups as influenced by electronic media and artificial intelligence. Dr. Garry has devoted her career to understanding how memories of one’s past experiences can be distorted, how false information can become engrained in one’s system of beliefs. She talks about individual and collective memories, and the brain’s source monitoring systems and how they are influenced by group identity, repetition of information (whether true or not). Interestingly although memories of untruths can be retracted when new information is provided they can still influence one’s decision-making. She also talks about how social media and AI (LLMs) influence the brain’s source monitoring systems and potential approaches to ameliorating their adverse effects on mental health and societal discord. LINKS Dr. Garry’s lab webpage: https://www.garrylab.com/ Collective and autobiographical memories: https://www-tandfonline-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/epdf/10.1080/09658211.2022.2154804 Retracted memories: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365748/pdf/13421_2022_Article_1328.pdf LLMs and the institutionalization of misinformation: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271877/1-s2.0-S1364661323X00138/1-s2.0-S1364661324002213/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG4aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIA9kHgyXdZwhJDF2Nc6gQiDwWhuj%2F9fvysEcbyMKnaM8AiBEX6%2BAkbxOT%2FT%2FJCTkVCeOnibe%2Fin%2BeiHRN8auAjLO7yq8BQin%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMnDX%2Bz%2BiS%2BD9b8%2BsCKpAFlPWcxi2Nu4wg%2FlKU8mSVoZQPyiR6LQkJokbH6TlJvixjI04Sd92Kj5SSAHB8QvzpkbIuJoErUOjgSlkpGTlKK7kMqkMt2S%2FSmUyp5OzH5PlhGyxSi3Lpq%2Bdjol9vmiF9rXTEeHeRrHzUh48X4HajvARh9q6lC6v%2FCSx84dpolcD3kMlhYIEuYfJbVc%2Fm4k%2F9xtjX2NtA3BhLHFs8nzUuuDcNtLxZ3mi7SLbQz9oBGMdeJFd2bBjf%2ByCpjqUl%2Bs9ALlI75kYC1aDPdB2f84XWB78f9CKz%2FtNob%2FjKE9tMcwB3Dni8%2FtndhQRjybd74siNn2sApJu%2FXKwgKsqJEvKP8CDYYTgnSVrRAseqXSdLKoA63G91ZG9K7nOjODivQI%2BpzciLPlvzYVjpeEJ5LE3PC5VVYxCkOQKUtwDvUgXigGtfHsgazln3m8WMBxakhHXrKEWK7q%2FuxuLBle%2BD%2BK%2FdM1aw2JpS7hyllAgfZ4cuSBexwzQ%2B3OjGg4Fe2MBdTmpa0ZG9WT7B7KNo2FxoiKEZJupQ3z%2FaMOIBCMCqa0EvuMCQpIqZKS8zxngNpJeOVpTuWv%2BJ3EQjM3T6GL9hxNA%2BszUz7MR7KN6so2RZvU32fCtHB14j2vHVXkaytDu653flfPWASPWQKprXowbOsghYz0UegMyUjO1a67axaYcTUrVAt7OxvM%2BwyZDkSPJhOWHDfcSyL30v%2BhTLjWxGRy4GdrEndVdgAw3RmjDWx0E4CrmUkycwWQND01xhJI6IijMO%2BgoJ%2FFVSnrNNvGVGCCtU80%2FylVKonMGKTDptdPrqsi8aQDdQYdyL5sq4itFXa6Obi0EvBTjlB8p%2BMORusgVwSP9PBJFbLLbT%2FnxegI2FJJ0wh5%2BMvgY6sgFhGU%2FH5TGFnQMV5o1J5r37XL5V8jHthF%2FO3kUtL%2Fk6oDRUfFYPQxvyRxi0EzFaGcDu7jYC53O%2BZxrzPgPJS1qP6%2BNJu6%2FDls8iyGvg3JAi85RLRRgZlhp3wnfLghXW4W6VnmXzQzMUdjCahckzzB9w8XVmhGrXw%2F4JIvHgSx73D6oVy%2BPMi4h%2F4I5T08ApqPSaR7bkrnYvAtWgfjRynIpiabV%2BBisHSuNwL11EsBTf3auq&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250301T144026Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY4USPLILK%2F20250301%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=03ec372fac008431242909cb94e0acfca84a8a7d4fdc142df102bf78149b9761&hash=1da48c96274cce2ef2914eaf9bd37a118e05e359da92f349fb5c1a767dcd852e&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S1364661324002213&tid=spdf-52d87662-932c-46b0-925b-296bc39e2460&sid=f0d8a6a836dc5742e59bb5900fc7ac98a3f4gxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LXNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QtY29tLnByb3h5MS5saWJyYXJ5LmpodS5lZHU%3D&rh=d3d3LXNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QtY29tLnByb3h5MS5saWJyYXJ5LmpodS5lZHU%3D&ua=0f105a505f56585c0053&rr=919968d1f9843b0b&cc=us…

1
Michal Schwartz: How Immune System Cells Promote Brain Health and Recovery From Damage 56:59

πριν 9 μέρες56:59

56:59

It had long been thought that the brain was ‘immunologically privileged’ (physically separated from the immune system). However, this dogma was overturned by a series of discoveries including those made by Professor Michal Schwartz at the Weizmann Institute. In this episode I talk with Michal about the different types of immune cells that are located in ‘immunological niches’ of the brain (choroid plexus, perivascular space, meninges..) and how these cells play critical roles in maintaining normal brain health and function (neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory). In addition, Michal tells us how the immune system is vital for healing and protecting the brain in case of injury or disease in a process called protective autoimmunity. LINKS The Schwartz laboratory webpage: https://www.weizmann.ac.il/brain-sciences/labs/schwartz/ Review article in Science: https://www-science-org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/epdf/10.1126/science.abo7649 Review article in Neuron: https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/272195/1-s2.0-S0896627324X00021/1-s2.0-S0896627324008821/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIH9qI%2FHFo0TFwwhZ5hnpbny3R%2BBmGbU0Q6Jf2eSs4aMwAiAg1gQKCHXgtyB1QTOz9%2BHuFdAEwUjZfZxdN7qIuitxnSqyBQgdEAUaDDA1OTAwMzU0Njg2NSIMamYY8Czn0NEpjijeKo8Fst5HNVzMqIsK6tHRy1OPd3%2BiRf4CleOwam945epwh%2BWJCRv3vjV8cHVmcUPqNnQI6CNJ%2BHjihnNnr1KKKh25j9oqm8eVOB6EPMOQmOlZ8JnfOw82gvpFwLvNDQBspUb%2FSS7qIz1LTJRkQASLgxJzjCDB2emDLOTnwBmVrktQOqTAH1A04l%2FY5xtc1GQI9emBGMXRHjBFSH2LHORJ08vvfDEMpF%2FnFWesKWqcGC9SrZdSxXgiVvnL2kX%2FA96V1%2B5AevSLvAQz2GiAfG7IjuurqeZht68BqTv%2Bi%2BRqNRIYIFbGxDzeucq3ac1xrSlaHwznp31k%2BFLwJoLLYSEixqfBpuBat%2Ft9vzhxMlcflvyteLNaP4B4EHiuQ9DixBMYQ0hKdtHXZpd7wmY1UYM9g1S4Yc6GNMjj%2BfXQWexvCOgUbqPqIjDp4WtKdPA%2B1slxuoE4wyns%2Bvqntw01MjdbU9Bn4pBQQOwS4fzz9bFlB2iDKGAKXyN0SHqdWPpP9Scj6yJuIXOsZkSS0481ADJLyUF7n46ZFuKmYSsDdy5f5RegbcmY25YITTooTxJxK0IXBczdPZIkfWAsPvBvvq%2BREarPeOA3FAcEs5%2BOSSU41qk8QJEiHdOdnTuScsjI1yMElwnepaA8DdJ9DTU3YeXpMG7xColHHCpn%2FeCeTvP612oFVjqE4Q1yqBpdCiy2CMWdvHhtXcAZOeavgMMfqhk6OWN8qXlZubu8uFiOfDwDpPWZE5qpitKaC6pwM7lkYyecPstLn84Sh149kpVnMY1aLp2NgCZ4rvq4XWwV1dMNrPeKU7GyQBwIKIBGlQz5fHPFbINPDH8UXZW7cCe%2BT02g0BXwQY4lgzqGqxyYpe3NtS7dwzD%2B%2BO29BjqyAemqzi7IVALnQ9vlrBPSO%2BkAPcisPB%2FY%2B8BmQC16wLFwu63gufdnti8i%2FsS1H%2FD%2BpPqJ3t1vn2wie%2FOc9mgRZkY8HqNqX9Dv%2FUH%2FOICaGadyLdPc8A3sjo7bPtUV42NA5FZwBt8YiikhkCFQwzTcrHzr5fP9kN9ThQVSY1DMSTz%2BMbLmLWoolWEwLwzL9mS3qEz2mX3h%2Boec4CYuKBRgExYTH0V1dk0bfca4YMPpvgER7iA%3D&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20250223T204131Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTYZTUPN5RI%2F20250223%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=59057549b15a459c579302af14796c40e5c70192d93a62b69b68c2bd3942cd8b&hash=bc06cbd441c60c0f8ee395108521ce86afe847a68e5f109544b937b88a9c473c&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S0896627324008821&tid=spdf-34e9b5cb-d1e9-4a56-8a8b-edab99b3d37e&sid=d752fa96683d9742086a083805b7d9da151bgxrqa&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LXNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QtY29tLnByb3h5MS5saWJyYXJ5LmpodS5lZHU%3D&rh=d3d3LXNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QtY29tLnByb3h5MS5saWJyYXJ5LmpodS5lZHU%3D&ua=0f105a50500e5e5d5c53&rr=916a0981a902c99d&cc=us…

1
Diego Mendoza-Halliday: How the Brain Stays on Task - Attention, Noise Filtering and Working Memory 1:22:39

πριν 16 μέρες1:22:39

1:22:39

Throughout our waking hours neural networks in our brains are processing incoming information, particularly sights and sounds, integrating those inputs with stored information, making decisions, and executing responses. Staying on task requires that we attend to the details of the task while filtering out ‘noise’. In this episode I talk with Diego Mendoza-Halliday at the University of Pittsburgh about visual working memory – what it is, what neuronal circuits are involved, and how it works. His experiments involve recording of neuronal activity in prefrontal cortex and other brain regions while individuals are performing visual working memory tasks. His findings have revealed previously unknown mechanisms. He has demonstrated that attention and working memory involve different groups of neurons and has shown that throughout the cerebral cortex there is spectro-laminar motif of neuronal oscillation frequencies that appears to play an important role in working memory. This research is not only revealing how our brains process information in a seemingly effortless manner, but may also lead to new ways of improving human productivity and treating memory disorders. LINKS Mendoza-Halliday lab webpage https://www.mendoza-halliday-lab.com/ Coding of perceived and memorized visual features in the prefrontal cortex https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5461493/pdf/ncomms15471.pdf Dissociation of neurons involved in attention and working memory https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0896-6273%2823%2900935-2 Spectrolaminar motif of local field power in the cerebral cortex https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10917659/pdf/41593_2023_Article_1554.pdf Review article on working memory https://www.annualreviews.org/docserver/fulltext/psych/74/1/annurev-psych-021422-041757.pdf?expires=1739719353&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3C2E750794D8E913C545FF401FEA62F7…

1
Thomas Hartung: Merging Brain Organoid and AI Technologies to Accelerate Basic and Applied Research 1:07:18

πριν 23 μέρες1:07:18

1:07:18

Professor Thomas Hartung has made a major impact in biomedical research by developing and promoting alternatives to animal research. His efforts are leading to more ethical and efficient approaches to basic and applied research in the fields of environmental toxicology, drug development, and neuroscience. In this episode I talk with Thomas about two major flourishing technologies – brain organoids and artificial intelligence – and how they are being rapidly incorporated into both basic and translational research. He provides an historical perspective on the overzealous and unnecessary use of lab animals for toxicology and drug development and then delves into emerging research on ‘organoid intelligence’ and the relationships and interactions of brain organoids and AI. A very thought-provoking conversation. LINKS Organoid Intelligence webpage: https://organoidintelligence.org/ AI and alternative texting of toxins and drugs: https://www.altex.org/index.php/altex/issue/view/166 Brain Organoids and Organoid Intelligence articles https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10013972/pdf/frai-06-1116870.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10796793/pdf/frai-06-1307613.pdf…

1
Magdalena Götz: Direct Conversion of Astrocytes Into Neurons – Progress and Therapeutic Potential 54:55

πριν 30 μέρες54:55

54:55

Someday it may be possible to restore neuronal networks that have been lost or damaged by brain injury or in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. There are as many astrocytes in the human brain as there are neurons and the astrocytes generally do not die in brain injuries and neurodegenerative disorders. Professor Magdalena Götz has shown that astrocytes can be converted directly into neurons using molecular biology technologies to manipulate a few transcription factors that switch cell fate. These new neurons grow and form synapses with each other and can integrate into functional neuronal networks and may restore brain function. In this episode Dr. Götz talks about her pioneering work on cell reprogramming that holds great promise for the repair of neuronal networks damaged by trauma, a stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. LINKS: Professor Götz publications on PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=magdalena+G%C3%B6tz&sort=date&size=200 Professor Götz Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_G%C3%B6tz Review article in Neuron: https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0896-6273%2821%2900972-7 Selected original research articles https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11239498/pdf/41593_2024_Article_1677.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10719094/pdf/41591_2023_Article_2644.pdf https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0896-6273%2819%2930693-2…

1
Antonio Di leva: Fractal Patterns and the Brain - Applications in Basic and Clinical Neuroscience 1:12:42

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:12:42

1:12:42

The Euclidean geometry that we learned in our primary education concerns man-made shapes such as rectangles, triangles, and perfect circles. However the shapes of molecules, cells, and organ systems (and their dynamic changes over time) are more complex. Some biological structures exhibit fractal geometry which is defined as “shapes and patterns that appear similar at different scales” (recursive iteration). Examples of biological structures exhibiting fractal geometry include the branches and roots of trees, blood vessels, lung airways, and the dendritic arbors of neurons. In this episode I talk with Antonio Di leva a neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at Macquarie University School of Medicine about fractal geometry and its applications to basic and clinical neuroscience. Fractal structures of neural networks optimize the energy efficiency of the brain. Dr. Di leva talks about emerging applications of fractals to diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders, neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and computational intelligence. Fractal analyses are not limited to structures and can also be applied to studies of recursive features dynamic processes including neural network activity. LINKS Dr. Di leva’s webpage: https://mqneurosurgery.com.au/prof-antonio-di-ieva/ Book ‘The Fractal Geometry of the Brain’: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8 Review articles: https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1073858413513927 https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1073858413513928…

1
Stephan Sigrist: Dietary Spermidine, Neuroplasticity, Aging, and Brain Health 1:08:36

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:08:36

1:08:36

Polyamines are small organic molecules that are acquired in the diet and can also be synthesized in cells. Spermidine is a polyamine that is increasingly recognized as playing important roles in counteracting aging. Foods with high amounts of spermidine include whole grains, broccoli, and natto (fermented soybeans). Professor Stephan Sigrist at the Free University of Berlin who is widely known for his fundamental contributions to understanding how specific proteins and their interactions control the rapid release and reuptake of neurotransmitters at the presynaptic active zone. In this episode I talk with Stephan about his recent fascinating discoveries that have revealed important roles for spermidine in synaptic plasticity, and brain health and resilience. Spermidine stimulates autophagy which may be required for the anti-aging effect of dietary energy restriction. He talks about the intriguing molecular mechanism by which spermidine accomplishes these feats. LINKS Sigrist lab page: https://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/en/biologie/arbeitsgruppen/genetik/ag_sigrist/mitarbeiter/leiter/sigrist/index.html Spermidine counteracts brain aging: https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2211-1247%2821%2900255-2 Autophagy mediates beneficial effects of spermidine on memory during aging: https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3512.pdf Spermidine preserves synaptic plasticity during aging: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5042543/pdf/pbio.1002563.pdf Spermidine, fasting and longevity: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11392816/pdf/41556_2024_Article_1468.pdf Clinical trial of spermidine – effects on cognition in older folks: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2792725…

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Jon Simons: Reality Monitoring- How the Brain Distinguishes Between Imagination and Reality 1:06:16

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:06:16

1:06:16

In the moment most people can readily distinguish between information that is coming into the brain from their senses and what information their brain is generating. However, when recalling information stored in the brain’s neuronal networks the ability to distinguish between what was real and what was imagined becomes more problematic. How does the brain keep track of what we actually experienced in the past and what we imagined happened? In this episode Jon Simons who is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Cambridge talks about his research that is elucidating the neurobiological basis of reality monitoring including which brain regions and neuronal networks are involved, individual differences in people’s reality monitoring ability, the effects of early life experiences and aging, its alterations in schizophrenia and autism, and the broader implications of this research for individuals and societies in the [mis]information age. LINKS: Professor Simon’s laboratory web page: https://www.memlab.psychol.cam.ac.uk/ Review article https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/science/article/pii/S1364661317300554 Selected original research articles https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2292823/pdf/ukmss-1581.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010945216301745?via%3Dihub https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4860197/pdf/10803_2016_Article_2749.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5292760/pdf/main.pdf…

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Keqiang Ye: From Gut to Brain – Rogue Protein Fragments in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases 1:20:26

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:20:26

1:20:26

In this episode Emory University and Chinese Academy of Sciences Professor Keqiang Ye talks about his fascinating and ground-breaking trail of discoveries that have revealed previously unknown mechanism responsible for the production and accumulation of damaging fragments of the APP and Tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the alpha-synuclein protein in Parkinson’s disease (PD). He discovered an enzyme called AEP that cleaves Tau and alpha-synuclein into self-aggregating toxic fragments. Eliminating or disabling AEP can prevent the disease process and preserve brain function in mouse models of AD and PD. More recently, in a series of studies his laboratory has provided evidence that the generation of rogue Tau and alpha-synuclein fragments first occurs in neurons surrounding the intestines and then propagates up the vagus nerve to the brain. Moreover, his group has shown that certain species of bacteria in the gut can promote the development of the disease. Finally, Professor Ye has developed drugs that inhibit AEP or activate BDNF receptors as potential treatments for AD and PD. LINKS Key publications: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4224595/pdf/nihms623922.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5315368/pdf/nihms825673.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10482867/pdf/41467_2023_Article_41283.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408610/pdf/EMBJ-40-e106320.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6951265/pdf/41422_2019_Article_241.pdf Professor Ye’s Google Scholar page: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=VSP72CMAAAAJ&hl=en…

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For-Profit Drivers of Poor Health in America 2: Pharmaceutical Industry 1:15:18

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:15:18

1:15:18

Among high income countries the United States spends the most on health care and yet has the lowest life expectancy. A high percentage of Americans suffer with chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, and Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. There are several reasons why people living in the wealthiest country have poor health all attributable to unrestrained capitalism. In this episode I talk about issues with pharmaceutical industry that contribute to the overall poor quality of health and health care in America with a focus on drugs for neurological disorders. Drug prices in the US are much higher than in other countries and prices are increasing at a rate more than 5 times the rate of inflation. Pharmaceutical companies spend nearly twice as much on marketing as on research and development and overstate their costs for drug development by ~400 percent. The US is one of only two countries that permit direct advertising of drugs to consumers. Pharmaceutical company representatives lobby doctors and congress. There are also major issues concerning clinical trials of drugs including conflicts of interest, lack of data transparency, and lack of head-to-head comparisons of a new drug with an existing drug. There are potential solutions to these problems but will require major new government regulations. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31034803/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8649053/pdf/nihms-1751070.pdf…

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Jason Shepherd: The Arc Protein – From Viral Origins to Center Stage in Neuroplasticity and Disease 1:00:41

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:00:41

1:00:41

In this episode I talk with Professor Jason Shepherd about his discoveries concerning a fascinating protein called Arc. In response to synaptic activity Arc levels rapidly increase in postsynaptic dendrites as a result of local translation of the Arc mRNA in the dendrites. Arc plays a critical role in long-term memory although it is not necessary for learning. But perhaps the most interesting twist in the Arc story comes from the Shepherd labs discovery that Arc can self-assemble into highly ordered structures that are essentially identical to the capsids that form the coat of viruses. I talk with Jason about evidence that Arc can bind mRNAs and transfer them from one neuron to another in extracellular vesicles. These findings reveal a whole new mechanism for regulating neuronal network function. Moreover, recently Jason and his lab members have demonstrated a key role for Arc in the trans-neuronal propagation of Tau pathology which is an important advance in understanding how the neurodegenerative process spreads throughout neuronal networks in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders – and also has implications for novel approaches for halting the disease process. LINKS: The Shepherd laboratory page: https://www.shepherdlab.org/ Key publications from the Shepherd lab: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8041237/pdf/nihms-1661230.pdf https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2817%2931504-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11526995/pdf/nihpp-2024.10.22.619703v1.pdf…

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For-Profit Drivers of Poor [Brain] Health in America 1: Food Industries 1:14:09

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:14:09

1:14:09

Among high income countries the United States spends the most on health care and yet has the lowest life expectancy. A high percentage of Americans suffer with chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, and Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. There are several reasons why people living in the wealthiest country have poor health all attributable to unrestrained capitalism. In this episode I talk about how large-scale monoculture crops used to produce addictive ultraprocessed sugars such as high fructose corn syrup adversely affect health including brain health. The widespread availability of such obesogenic high-calorie ultraprocessed foods at low prices have propelled a transgenerational epidemic of obesity, diabetes and associated chronic brain disorders. Increasingly sedentary lifestyles exacerbate the problem. In also talk about the health benefits of a range of organically grown vegetables and fruits with a focus on a few specific chemicals they produce that act on cells in ways that bolster their function and resilience. Here are links to a few articles that provide more detail on the problem and potential solutions. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9904196/pdf/nihms-1868184.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8748512/pdf/41467_2021_Article_27645.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6779523/pdf/nihms-1537205.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5841445/pdf/nihms946635.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4081729/pdf/pr.113.007757.pdf https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4586293/pdf/nihms678801.pdf…

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Bruno Rossion: Elucidating the Remarkable Ability of the Human Brain to Recognize Faces 1:10:09

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:10:09

1:10:09

Humans have the amazing ability to instantly recognize the faces of hundreds or even thousands of people they have previously met or seen in pictures or movies. Studies of people with brain injuries that render them incapable of recognizing faces and recordings of neuronal activity in people during face recognition have shown that networks in the occipital and temporal lobes adjacent to the visual cortex mediate facial recognition. Professor Bruno Rossion is at the forefront of research that is revealing the neurophysiological underpinnings of face recognition. By recording and stimulating neurons in the face recognition circuits of numerous research participants Rossion’s laboratory has elucidated how the brain captures and recalls the gestalt of a face without dwelling on specific features of the face. LINKS: Review articles on the neurobiology of face recognition: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9954066/pdf/brainsci-13-00354.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393224000800?via%3Dihub https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763424000034?via%3Dihub…

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Bioenergetics and Brain Health 4: Brain Aging, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases, and Stroke 1:27:21

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:27:21

1:27:21

In this final episode of the Bioenergetics and Brain Health series I talk about changes that occur in brain cells during normal aging, and in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke with emphasis on alterations upstream and downstream of cellular energy metabolism. The episode concludes with examples of therapeutic interventions that target those age- and disease-related alterations. LINKS: Hallmarks of Brain Aging https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6039826/pdf/nihms979409.pdf Brain Energy Rescue: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7948516/pdf/nihms-1624328.pdf The Hormesis Principle of Brain Health and Resilience https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5209274/pdf/nihms834422.pdf…

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Bioenergetics and Brain Health 3: How Exercise and Fasting Enhance Neuroplasticity and Resilience 1:12:40

πριν περίπου ένα χρόνο1:12:40